Established in 1912, it reflected Orthodox criticism of both Liberal Judaism and Zionism. Agudas Jisroel in Germany maintained extensive relations with Orthodox centres in Eastern Europe. It supported "secessionist" Orthodox congregations (those that refused to collaborate with the Liberal majority), refrained from joining the National Representation (Reichsvertretung) in 1933, and organised its operations within an independent Orthodox framework in 1934. These congregations joined the National Representation in July 1938. Agudas Jisroel, like most other Jewish organisations in Germany, was dissolved in November 1938.
